Modern philosophy begins with the revival of cynicism and the rise of current physical science. Philosophy in this period centers on the relative between experience and actuality, the ultimate origin of information, the nature of the mind and it’s relative to the body, the implications of the new usual sciences for free will and God, and the appearance of a secular base for moral and political philosophy.
Canonical figures contain Montaigne, Bacon, Hobbes, Descartes, Locke, Spinoza, Leibniz, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant. Chronologically, this era spans the 17th and 18th centuries, and is usually careful to end with Kant's systematic effort to reconcile Newtonian physics with customary metaphysical topics.
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