Facts About Diamonds

• Most diamonds are over three billion years old, two-thirds the age of the Earth. There are a few "youngsters," though, which are only 100 million years old.
  Most diamonds were formed more than 100 miles below the surface of the Earth, some from perhaps 400 miles down.


• The most recent kimberlite volcano eruption was approximately 53 million years ago - just a few ticks of the geologic clock - but there is no reason to believe there will not be more in the future.


• Although diamonds are perceived as a white—actually colorless—gem, they come in a spectrum of colors; colored diamonds are called "fancies."


• India was the only known source of diamonds before the sixth century and the predominant source for over 2,000 years, until the mid-eighteenth century.


• Romans believed that diamonds had the power to ward off evil and wore them as talismans. They inherited this belief from Indian mythology.


• A law in thirteenth-century France decreed that only the king could wear diamonds.


• Diamonds were not used as gems in European jewelry until the late 13th century. They were initially used for such purposes as engraving other gems, such as sapphire cameos, and for drilling holes in hardstone beads (such beads drilled by diamonds have been dated to archaeological sites as early as 400 BCE).


• The most recent diamond discoveries have been made in North America—in the Northwest Territories of Canada and in Colorado—where explorers found diamond pipes in 1990.


• Some diamonds are composed of carbon, that is recycled organic matter, previously incorporated in marine organisms.


• "One-hour eyeglasses" have only become possible with the use of diamond tools, which can quickly and accurately shape the lenses.


• Because diamonds can withstand extremely high temperatures and corrosive conditions, and because they are transparent to most forms of light and electromagnetic radiation, they are ideal for use as windows in industry and in space probes, including the 1978 Pioneer space probe to the surface of Venus.


• Every copper wire in your computer, television, and house has been shaped with a die—the device that squeezes wire to the desired diameter—made from diamond.


• Diamond scalpels are particularly effective because their sharp, hard edges never dull, and, because diamond's hydrophobic surface—its resistance to being wetted—ensures that wet tissue does not adhere to the blade.


• The largest rough diamond ever found was the Cullinan, 3,106 carats, discovered on January 26, 1905 in the Premier mine of South Africa. It was cut into nine major stones, including the largest gem diamond, the Cullinan 1, or Star of Africa, 550.20 carats. This is mounted in the British Royal Scepter and housed in the Tower of London.


• In the 1950s, Gemological Institute of America developed the first internationally accepted diamond grading system. This system provides unbiased opinions of the quality of polished diamonds by applying uniform criteria to their grading.


• The GIA Gem Trade Laboratory Diamond Grading Report has become the benchmark for the international gem and jewelry industry, and can be found accompany diamonds worldwide

Firewall

The Firewalls FAQ (http://www.faqs.org/faqs/firewalls-faq/) defines a firewall as "a system or group of systems that enforces an access control policy between two networks." In the context of home networks, a firewall typically takes one of two forms:

* Software firewall - specialized software running on an individual computer, or
* Network firewall - a dedicated device designed to protect one or more computers.

Both types of firewall allow the user to define access policies for inbound connections to the computers they are protecting. Many also provide the ability to control what services (ports) the protected computers are able to access on the Internet (outbound access). Most firewalls intended for home use come with pre-configured security policies from which the user chooses, and some allow the user to customize these policies for their specific needs.

Latest Mobile Version

Mobile phones plays a major role in our daily modern life..Because they are the better, cheaper and easier ways to communicate.
Technology and fashion have given a number of latest and advanced handsets to suit the needs of every segment of mobile users. Orange mobile phones rock the world of mobile phone with their stunning looks and advanced features and also with the quality.
Every manufacturer trying the best to insert advanced technology in the mobile phones for the sake of users. Orange mobile phones really have done miracle in the market with their stunning features, as well as functions. Orange mobile phones come with 3G technology, which offers wireless voice telephony with broadband wireless data, in addition with, video calling capabilities.
SPV M 5000 is also another latest endeavour from Orange, it possesses the Microsoft windows, which enables you to work with word, excel and power point on your mobile phone.This is one of the advance version ..It also has a large memory and the latest Active Sync 4.0 weighing 285g..Orange Mobile Phones provide better communication services ,Rather than any other ordinary handset. They also have made communication impulsive and easily available part of day to day life.

Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a technology that allows devices to communicate with each other without cables or wires. It is an electronics "standard," which means that manufacturers that want to include this feature have to incorporate specific requirements into their electronic devices. These specifications ensure that the devices can recognize and interact with other devices that use the Bluetooth technology.

Many popular manufacturers are making devices that use Bluetooth technology. These devices include mobile phones, computers, and personal digital assistants (PDAs). The Bluetooth technology relies on short-range radio frequency, and any device that incorporates the technology can communicate as long as it is within the required distance. The technology is often used to allow two different types of devices to communicate with each other. For example, you may be able to operate your computer with a wireless keyboard, use a wireless headset to talk on your mobile phone, or add an appointment to your friend's PDA calendar from your own PDA.

About Korean Food

Korean Food is casually represented by bulgogi and kimchi. In fact, however, Koreans are proud of their diet, quite varied and full of nutrition. It is richly endowed with fermented foods, vegetables and grains, soups, teas, liquors, confectionery and soft drinks. Kimchi and doenjang paste made of soybeans are the best-known examples of Korean fermented foods, and these have recently become highly valued for their disease-prevention effects. Korea boasts hundreds of vegetable and wild green dishes. The Korean meal is almost always accompanied by a big bowl of hot soup or stew, and the classic meal contains a variety of vegetables. Korean foods are seldom deep-fried like Chinese food; they are usually boiled or blanched, broiled, stir-fried, steamed, or pan-fried with vegetable oil.

Korean Etiquette

Korean families usually eat rice, soup, and three to four side dishes including the sine qua non, kimchi. From each person's left are arranged rice, soup, spoon, and chopsticks, while stews and side dishes are placed in the center to be shared by all members. Koreans use a spoon to eat rice, soup, and stews and chopsticks for rather dry side dishes, but spoon and chopsticks are not used simultaneously. Koreans also do not hold their bowls and plates while eating. When the meal is over, the spoon and chopsticks are placed back where they were. Koreans generally believe that sharing food from one bowl makes a relationship closer. Still, one who does not wish to share the one-for-all dish can courteously ask the host for an individual bowl or plate. Today most Korean restaurants offer individual bowls and plates. In the olden days, talking was not allowed at the dinner table, but today, eating etiquette has become more liberal. Chopsticks may be used to eat rice.

Mobile phone manufacturer

Nokia is the world's largest manufacturer of mobile phones, with a global device market share of approximately 40% in Q4 of 2007. Other major mobile phone manufacturers include Samsung (14%), Motorola (12%), Sony ericsson (9%) and LG Mobile (7%).[5] These manufacturers account for over 80% of all mobile phones sold and produce phones for sale in most countries.. these are all some of the important mobile phones manufacturers.

Other manufacturers include Apple Inc., Audiovox Benefon, BenQ-Siemens, CECT, High Tech Computer Corporation ,Fujitsu, Kyocera, Mitsubishi Electric, NEC, Neonode, Philips, Research In Motion, Sagem, Sanyo, Sharp, Siemens, Sierra Wireless, SK Teletech, Sonim Technologies, T&A Alcatel, and Toshiba. There are also specialist communication systems related to (but distinct from) mobile phones.

Now a days there are number of mobile phones manufacures are mainly concentrating on some factors,like style,power consumption,storage capacity etc….

Location-based games

Games played on a mobile piece of equipment using localization technology like GPS are called location-based games. In other words: while it does not matter for a normal mobile game where exactly you are (play them anywhere at anytime), the player's coordinate and movement are main elements in a Location-based game. The best-known example is the treasure hunt game Geocaching, which can be played on any mobile appliance with integrated or external GPS receiver. External GPS receivers are generally connected via Bluetooth. More and more mobile phones with integrated GPS are expected to come.

Besides Geocaching, there exist several other location-based games which are somewhat in the stage of research prototypes than a commercial success.

Battery powered mobile phones

Mobile phones commonly obtain power from batteries which can be recharged from mains power, a USB port or a cigarette lighter socket in a car. Formerly, the most regular form of mobile phone batteries were nickel metal-hydride, as they have a low size and weight. Lithium-Ion batteries are sometimes used, as they are lighter and do not have the voltage depression that nickel metal-hydride batteries do. Many mobile phone manufacturers have now switched to using lithium-Polymer batteries as different to the older Lithium-Ion; the main advantages of this being even lower weight and the possibility to make the battery a shape other than strict cuboids. Mobile phone manufacturers have been experimenting with alternate power sources, together with solar cells.

Uses & Design of Supercomputer

Uses

Supercomputers are used for extremely calculation-intensive tasks such as weather forecasting, climate research (including research into global warming), molecular modeling (computing the structures and properties of chemical compounds, biological macromolecules, polymers, and crystals), physical simulations (such as simulation of airplanes in wind tunnels, simulation of the detonation of nuclear weapons, and research into nuclear fusion), cryptanalysis, and the like. Military and scientific agencies are important users.

Design

Supercomputers traditionally gained their speed over conventional computers through the use of inventive designs that allow them to perform many tasks in parallel, as well as complex detail engineering. They tend to be specialized for certain types of computation, generally numerical calculations, and perform poorly at more general computing tasks. Their memory hierarchy is very carefully designed to make certain the processor is kept fed with data and instructions at all times—in fact, much of the performance difference between slower computers and supercomputers is due to the memory hierarchy design and componentry. Their I/O systems have a propensity to be designed to support high bandwidth, with latency less of an issue, because supercomputers are not used for transaction processing.

As with all highly parallel systems, Amdahl's law applies, and supercomputer designs devote huge effort to eliminating software serialization, and using hardware to accelerate the remaining bottlenecks.

Software tools

Software tools for distributed processing contain standard APIs such as MPI and PVM and open source-based software solutions such as Beowulf and openMosix which facilitate the creation of a sort of "virtual supercomputer" from a collection of ordinary workstations or servers. Technology like Rendezvous pave the way for the making of ad hoc computer clusters. An example of this is the distributed rendering function in Apple's Shake compositing function. Computers running the Shake software simply need to be in proximity to each other, in networking terms, to automatically discover and use each other's resources. While no one has yet built an ad hoc computer cluster that rivals even yesteryear's supercomputers, the line between desktop, or even laptop, and supercomputer is beginning to blur, and is probable to continue to blur as built-in support for parallelism and distributed processing increases in mainstream desktop operating systems. An easy programming language for supercomputers remains an open explore topic in Computer Science.

Physics in Natural science

Physics embodies the study of the fundamental constituents of the universe, the forces and connections they exert on one another, and the results produced by these interactions. In general, the physics is regarded as the fundamental science as all other natural sciences utilize and obey the principles and laws set down by the field. Physics relies heavily on mathematics as the logical framework for formulation and quantification of principles.

The study of the principles of the universe has a long history and largely derives from shortest observation and experimentation. The formulation of theories about the governing laws of the universe has been essential to the study of physics from very early on, with philosophy gradually yielding to systematic, quantitative experimental testing and observation as the source of verification. Key historical developments in physics include Isaac Newton's theory of universal gravitation and classical mechanics, an understanding of electricity and it's relation to magnetism, Einstein's theories of special and common relativity, the improvement of thermodynamics, and the quantum mechanical model of atomic and subatomic physics.

The field of physics is extremely broad, and can contain such diverse studies as quantum mechanics and theoretical physics to applied physics and optics. Modern physics is becoming increasingly specialized, where researchers tend to focus on a exacting area rather than being "universalists" like Albert Einstein and Lev Landau, who worked in multiple areas.

Banknote

A banknote (often known as a bill or simply a note) is a type of negotiable instrument, a promissory note made by a bank payable to the bearer on demand, used as money, and in many jurisdictions is legal tender. Along with coins, banknotes build up the cash or bearer forms of all modern money. With the exception of non-circulating high-value or precious metal commemorative issues, coins are commonly used for lower valued monetary units, while banknotes are used for higher values.

Photographic Printing

Photographic printing is the method of producing a final image for viewing, usually on sensitized paper from a previously prepared photographic negative.

The procedure consists of three major steps, performed in a photographic darkroom or within an automated photo printing machine:

1. Exposure of the picture onto the sensitized paper using a contact printer or enlarger.

2. Processing of the latent image through a more than one step chemical immersion process.

1. Development of the uncovered image.

2. Optionally Stopping improvement by neutralizing, diluting or removing developing agent.

3. Fixing the final print by dissolving remaining unexposed/undeveloped light-sensitive liquid.

4. Washing thoroughly to eliminate chemicals used in processing, protecting the finished print from fading and decay.

3. If finished on glossy paper, ferrotyping to enhance the reflective gloss.

4. Optional Toning of the print through extra chemical processes.

5. Texturing and drying of the finishing print.

Inkless Printers

Inkless printers use paper with colorless dye crystals embedded connecting the two outer layers of the paper. When the printer is twisted on, heat from the drum causes the crystals to colorize at different rates and become visible. The technology was worked on by Zink Imaging and is now accessible (2007). Because of the way it prints, the printer can be as little as a business card, the images are waterproof, and in fact, one product slated for release by Zink Imaging is a digital camera with a printer built into it. Xerox is also working on an inkless printer which will use a extraordinary reusable paper coated with a few micrometres of UV light sensitive chemicals. The printer will use a particular UV light bar which will be able to write and erase the paper. As of early 2007 this technology is at a halt in development and the text on the printed pages can only last between 16-24 hours before fading.

The real facts about Earth

The Earth's surface is exceptionally young. In the relatively short (by astronomical standards) time of 500,000,000 years or so erosion and tectonic processes destroy and restructure most of the Earth's surface and thus eliminate almost all traces of earlier geologic surface history (such as impact craters). Thus the very before time on history of the Earth has mostly been erased. The Earth is 4.5 to 4.6 billion years old, but the oldest recognized rocks are about 4 billion years aged and rocks older than 3 billion years are rare. The oldest fossils of presented organisms are less than 3.9 billion years old. There is no evidence of the critical period when life was first getting in progress.

The Earth's environment is 77% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, with draws of argon, carbon dioxide and water. There was perhaps a very much bigger amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere when the Earth was first created, but it has since been nearly all incorporated into carbonate rocks and to a smaller extent dissolved into the oceans and consumed by living plants. Plate tectonics and biological processes now keep a frequent flow of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to these various "sinks" and back over again. The little amount of carbon dioxide occupant in the atmosphere at any time is very important to the maintenance of the Earth's surface temperature through the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse consequence raises the average surface temperature regarding 35 degrees C above what it would if not be (from a frigid -21 C to a comfortable +14 C); without it the oceans would freeze and life as we know it would be impossible.

Earth

Earth is the third planet on or after the Sun and the fifth largest of the planet. Earth is the only planet whose English forename does not originate from Greek/Roman mythology. The name derives from Old English and Germanic.

Earth, for sure, can be studied exclusive of the aid of spacecraft. However it was not until the twentieth century that we had maps of the complete planet. Pictures of the planet taken from space are of significant importance; for example, they are a huge help in weather prediction and especially in tracking and predicting hurricanes, they are amazingly beautiful. The Earth's magnetic field and its relationships with the solar wind also generate the Van Allen emission belts, a pair of doughnut shaped rings of ionized gas (or plasma) trapped in orbit just about the Earth. The on the outside belt stretches from 19,000 km in altitude to 41,000 km; the inner belt lies involving 13,000 km and 7,600 km in altitude.

Venus and Earth

Venus is by the side of times regarded as Earth's sister planet. In some ways they are particularly similar:

* Venus is only a bit of smaller than Earth (95% of Earth's diameter, 80% of Earth's mass).

* Both have a small number of craters representing relatively young surfaces.

* Their densities and chemical compositions are in a similar way.

Because of these similarities, it was measured that below its dense clouds Venus might be very earthlike and power even have life. However, unfortunately, more detailed study of Venus reveals that in plenty of important ways it is radically different from Earth. It may be the smallest amount hospitable place for life in the solar system.

The strength of Venus' atmosphere at the surface is 90 atmospheres (about the same as the pressure at a deepness of 1 km in Earth's oceans). It is collected generally of carbon dioxide. There are numerous layers of clouds many kilometers bulky composed of sulfuric acid. These clouds entirely incomprehensible our view of the surface. This thick atmosphere creates a run-away greenhouse effect that raises Venus' face temperature by about 400 degrees to over 740 K (hot enough to melt lead). Venus' surface is truly hotter than Mercury's in spite of creature nearly twice as far from the Sun. The oldest terrains on Venus appear to be regarding 800 million years old. Extensive volcanism at that time wiped out the in move ahead surface counting any large craters from early in Venus' history.

The facts about Venus

Venus (Greek: Aphrodite; Babylonian: Ishtar) is the goddess of feel affection and beauty. The planet is so named the majority likely because it is the brightest of the planets recognized to the ancients. Venus has been identified since prehistoric times. It is the brightest thing in the sky not including for the Sun and the Moon. Like Mercury, it was generally thought to be two part bodies: Eosphorus as the morning star and Hesperus as the sunset star, but the Greek astronomers knew better.

Venus' rotary motion is rather unusual in that it is both very slow (243 Earth days per Venus day, somewhat longer than Venus' year) and retrograde. Moreover, the periods of Venus' rotary movement and of its orbit are synchronized such that it for all time presents the same face in the direction of Earth when the two planets are at their neighboring approach.

Eastern philosophy

Eastern philosophy includes the various philosophies of Asia, including Indian philosophy, Chinese philosophy, Iranian philosophy, Japanese philosophy, and Korean philosophy. The term can also sometimes include Babylonian philosophy and Islamic philosophy, though these may also be considered Western philosophies.

Eastern thought, at least since the rise of European influence in Asia, is often associated with philosophy in the Western sense, especially in certain Asian academic circles. However, before the global influence of European and American technological and scientific education, the idea of philosophy as rigorous science is not found in traditional Eastern writings, which are for the most part religious and mythical.[dubious – discuss] In our own time some Western trained linguists have sought to use novel translation methods to make Eastern thought resemble Western philosophy, especially the influential Marxist-Leninist tradition.

Mercury's dense iron core

Mercury is to a great extent denser than the Moon (5.43 gm/cm3 vs. 3.34). Mercury is the second densest mainly important body in the solar system, after Earth. Actually Earth's density is outstanding in part to gravitational density; if not for this, Mercury would be denser than Earth. This signifies that Mercury's dense iron core is reasonably larger than Earth, probably comprises the greater part of the planet. Mercury therefore has only a comparatively thin silicate mantle and crust.

Mercury's inner is under enemy control by a big iron core whose radius is 1800 to 1900 km. The silicate on the outside shell (analogous to Earth's mantle and crust) is just 500 to 600 km thick. At least several of the core is perhaps molten. Mercury truly has an enormously thin atmosphere consisting of atoms blasted off its surface by the solar wind. Because Mercury is so hot, these atoms speedily flee into space.