Later modern philosophy is usually careful to begin after the philosophy of Immanuel Kant at the start of the 19th-century. German idealists, such as Fichte, Hegel, and Schelling, prolonged on the work of Kant by maintain that the world is constitute by a rational mind-like process, and as such is totally knowable.
Rejecting idealism, other philosophers, many working from outside the college, initiated lines of thought that would occupy academic attitude in the early and mid-20th century:
* Frege's work in logic and Sidgwick's work in ethics provide the tools for early analytic attitude
* Husserl initiates the school of phenomenology
* Peirce and William James initiated the school of practicality
* Kierkegaard and Nietzsche laid the foundation for existentialism
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